Understanding the different shapes of feet

Our feet, although they may appear fairly uniform at first glance, are surprisingly diverse in their shape and structure. From the arch of the foot to the width of the foot, each aspect can influence the way we walk, our everyday comfort and our medical predisposition. Learn how to differentiate between foot shapes so you can identify your own and find the sandal and shoe sizes best suited to you.

The different arches of the foot

The arch of the foot is one of the most significant aspects in understanding foot differences. There are three main arches in the foot:

• The medial longitudinal arch: extends from the tip of the heel to the ball of the foot, in the centre of the foot.

• The lateral longitudinal arch: runs along the outer edge of the foot.

• The transverse anterior arch: runs from side to side, just behind the ball of the foot.

These arches work together to help the foot absorb shock and adapt to changing terrain when walking or running.

Types of arch

High arch (hollow foot)

A foot with a high arch, or hollow foot, has a pronounced curve. This type of foot can lead to overuse of the little toes for propulsion, which can cause pain and injury, such as plantar fasciitis and tension in the Achilles tendons.

Low arch (flat foot)

Conversely, a low arch, or flat foot, has a shallow curve. This type of foot is often associated with overpronation, where the foot rolls excessively inwards. This can lead to knee and hip pain.

Feet and pronation

Normal pronation

La pronation est le roulement naturel du pied vers l'intérieur lors de la marche ou de la course. Une pronation équilibrée permet une absorption efficace des chocs et une répartition uniforme du poids.

Overpronation

Overpronation occurs when the foot rolls excessively inwards. This is common in people with low arches and can cause pain and injury to the feet and legs, such as tibialgia and plantar fasciitis.

Supination

Supination is the outward rolling of the foot when walking. People with high arches are more prone to supination, which can lead to tendon strain and poor shock absorption.

Width and shape of feet

Wide feet

Wide feet require wider shoes to avoid rubbing and discomfort. This type of foot is often associated with a more even weight distribution, but can also be prone to bunions and calluses.

Narrow feet

Conversely, narrow feet require well-fitting shoes to prevent the foot from slipping inside the shoe, which can cause blisters and pain.

Specific abnormalities of the feet

Hallux valgus (bunion of the foot)

Hallux valgus, or bunion of the foot, is a deformity where the big toe deviates towards the other toes, creating a bump at the base. It can be exacerbated by ill-fitting footwear and is often seen in people with low arches.

Hammertoes

Hammer toes are characterised by an abnormal curvature of the toes, often the second, third, fourth or fifth toes. This deformity can make wearing shoes painful and is often associated with high or low arches.

Common foot problems and solutions

Tired and painful feet

Feet can become tired and painful as a result of a variety of factors, including inappropriate footwear, abnormal arches or excessive activity. Insoles with arch support and strengthening exercises can help relieve these symptoms.

Swollen feet

Swollen feet can result from water retention, long periods of standing or underlying medical conditions. Wearing comfortable shoes and elevating the feet can help reduce swelling.

Adapted to the specific needs of feet

Choosing the right shoes

It's crucial to choose shoes that match the specific shape and needs of your feet. For example, people with wide feet should look for shoes with a roomy toe box, while those with high arches may benefit from shoes with extra arch support.

Orthopaedic insoles

Orthopaedic insoles can offer personalised support, helping to correct arch imbalances and improve overall comfort. They are particularly useful for people with foot deformities or diseases.